Journal: Viruses

Article Title: New Therapies and Strategies to Curb HIV Infections with a Focus on Macrophages and Reservoirs

doi: 10.3390/v16091484

Figure Lengend Snippet: Drugs currently used for HIV therapy.

Article Snippet: Indinavir (IDV, Crixivan ® , developed by Merck & Co, Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA) was approved in 1996.

Techniques:

Journal: Viruses

Article Title: Current ARTs, Virologic Failure, and Implications for AIDS Management: A Systematic Review

doi: 10.3390/v15081732

Figure Lengend Snippet: FDA-approved ART drugs and some of their reported mutations.

Article Snippet: , , Indinavir (IDV) , Crixivan ® , Merck & Co, Inc. New Jersey, USA. , , 32I, 46IL, 47V, 54VTALM, 76V, 82ATFS, 84V, 88S, 90M…etc..

Techniques: Blocking Assay

Journal: Journal of Medical Virology

Article Title: Cell‐to‐cell transmission of HIV‐1 from provirus‐activated cells to resting naïve and memory human primary CD4 T cells is highly efficient and requires CD4 and F‐actin but not chemokine receptors

doi: 10.1002/jmv.28005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Antiretroviral drugs and their concentrations used

Article Snippet: Eight PIs were used including Amprenavir (APV; Sigma‐Aldrich), Atazanavir (ATV; APExBio), Darunavir (DRV; APExBio), Indinavir (IDV; Sigma‐Aldrich), Lopinavir (LPV; Selleckchem), Nelfinavir (NFV; Tocris, Avonmouth), Ritonavir (RTV; Sigma‐Aldrich), and Saquinavir (SQV; Tocris, Avonmouth).

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Protease Inhibitor

Journal: eBioMedicine

Article Title: HIV protease inhibitor nelfinavir is a potent drug candidate against echinococcosis by targeting Ddi1-like protein

doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104177

Figure Lengend Snippet: Nelfinavir inhibits the proteolysis activity of recombinant Emu Ddi1 . Emu Ddi1 was expressed in an E. coli system. Based on the amino acid compositions, this molecular weight of the recombinant protein was predicted to be appropriately 45 KD in the monomer (left) and 90 KD in the dimer (right) (a). At an optimum pH of 7.2, the recombinant Emu Ddi1 was able to hydrolyze the retro-pepsin substrate with a Km = 1.28 (95% CI: 0.80 to 2.02) μM and a Kcat = 0.36 s –1 (b). The HIVPIs, including lopinavir (LPV), indinavir (IDV), darunavir (DRV), fosamprenavir (FAPV), ritonavir (RTV), tipranavir (TPV), atazanavir (ATV), amprenavir (APV), nelfinavir (NFV) and saquinavir (SQV) were tested (n = 3). The enzyme activity of this recombinant protein (at 0.5 μM) could be apparently blocked by nelfinavir (NFV) and saquinavir (SQV) (40 μM) (c). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of nelfinavir on the recombinant Emu Ddi1 was 45.95 μM (d). The results shown are representative of two or more independent experiments. Data shown are represented as mean ± SD.

Article Snippet: HIV protease inhibitors (HIVPIs), including nelfinavir (NFV, CAS NO. 159989-64-7), lopinavir (LPV, CAS NO. 192725-17-0), indinavir (IDV, CAS NO.180686-37-8), darunavir (DRV, CAS NO. 206361-99-1), fosamprenavir (FAPV, CAS NO. 226700-79-4), ritonavir (RTV, CAS NO. 176655-55-3), tipranavir (TPV, CAS NO. 174484-41-4), atazanavir (ATV, CAS NO. 198904-31-3), saquinavir (SQV, CAS NO. 149845-06-7), and amprenavir (APV, CAS NO. 161814-49-9), were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China).

Techniques: Activity Assay, Recombinant, Molecular Weight, Concentration Assay